The Importance Of Auditing And The Advantage And...

Introduction This report explains what auditing means the purpose of auditing and the advantage and the disadvantages of auditing. Also explains what Expectation Gap means and how different people have different views on it, looking at what auditors consider their responsibilities are and what are the expectations. Also looking at the history of the expectation gap and the different definitions people came up with over the years. The Definition of Audit Auditor is an independent qualified accountants opinion on whether the financial statements of an entity are true and fair. Auditors have a necessary part in providing the public with the accurate information and making sure the financial report is true and fair. The definition of an†¦show more content†¦Purpose of this Auditing Auditing is a Legal Requirement that all Limited companies must do in the UK. It is also a contractual requirement for example a bank agreement. Its also very good for commercial pragmatism if you are looking for investors this will provide a good credibility and makes it easier so people too invest in your company. The tax authorities use audited financial statements to control that companies have done their tax returns accurately. Managers at the company use audited financial statements to re-evaluate the risks facing the company and what has to be done to handle these risks. Financial institutions use audited financial statements to assist potential borrowers of the risks and the liquidity of the company. The three justifications of audit are the information hypothesis, agency theory and the insurance hypothesis. The information hypothesis suggests that information becomes more reliable when audited and therefore more useful in decision-making. Agency theory suggests that audit is justified because it has no relation to the business (independent party) unlike the managers. Insurance hypothesis is theShow MoreRelatedAuditing as a profession as evolved drastically over decades and as time has passed auditing1000 Words   |  4 PagesAuditing as a profession as evolved drastically over decades and as time has passed auditing activities has expanded from performing specific assurance activities for management, to assisting and advising management with their specific business activities. The Institute of Internal Auditors define internal auditing as ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organisations operations. It helps an organisation accomplish its objectives byRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox )1526 Words   |  7 Pages Essay #1- Tax Advantages and Disadvantages of Sarbanes-Oxley Eric Kitts Liberty University â€Æ' Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was implemented to deter fraudulent activities amongst companies by monitoring and auditing financial activities as well as set up internal controls to aid in the safeguard of company funds and investor’s interest. SOX also regulates the non-audit tax services (NATS) that can be performed by an auditing firm. SOX was passed by Congress in 2002 in anRead MoreParmalat Case Answers Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors from the most important to the least important. 1. 35 bond issues 2. Obtaining large amounts of loans 3. Retained primary auditor 4. Large amount of SPE’s 5. Account â€Å"999† 6. Family controlled business 4). According to generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS), how should the responsibility from performing â€Å"shared audits† be allocated to the accounting firms involved in such engagements? Auditors should follow GAAS on their portion on â€Å"shared audits†. Under Au section 543, the primaryRead More Is the Operation of Auditing Necessary? Essay1829 Words   |  8 Pagesdevotes to in its daily dealings with the world. Auditing is the analysis and inspection of the financial accounts/records whether or not a company has a qualified accountant and procedures of a firm or organization. This is necessary to gain a fair information on the company’s financial statements. With its auditing, potential investors and creditors can look at the financial statements to decide whether to invest in a business or not. Moreover, auditing is important as it also protects the public fromRead MoreWhat Is the Need for an External Audit1629 Words   |  7 Pagesaccounts cannot predict the performance of the company in the future, which is the information that the Bank will be trying to find out.Therefore; audit reports are not an issue of paramount importance, especially i n owner controlled companies. Not all owner controlled companies need to be audited. Auditing of companies does not depend on the type of ownership (that is, sole trader, partnership or co-operative), but it mostly depends on the size of the company at hand. There are laws that have beenRead MoreA Reliable Cloud Service For Secure Health Data Access With Auditability1479 Words   |  6 Pagesaudibility for cloud storage is of critical importance so that users can resort to a TPA to check the integrity of outsourced data. KEYWORDS: Anonymization, Cloud Computing, Data Storage Protection, Privacy Preserving, Public Auditor, Security, Shared Data. I. INTRODUCTION The data is stored into cloud by cloud customers to enjoy the high quality networks, servers, services and applications from a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Advantages of cloud computing ubiquitous network accessRead MoreAuditors Rotation2019 Words   |  9 Pagesmandatory partner rotation, where the lead audit partner is restricted from auditing a particular client longer than five years period. (Cameran., Prencipe., amp; Trombetta, 2008) . IV. Advantages amp; disadvantages Advantages Internal and external rotation is often considered a way to enhance audit quality due to a prevention of the auditor’s depending relationship with the management, distinguishing between the auditing of capital market oriented and non-capital market oriented corporationsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Composition Of Retail Plc s Main Board And Audit Committee1085 Words   |  5 Pages1. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the composition of Retail PLC’s main board and audit committee. In the board of Retail PLC, the number of executive directors is greater than non-executive directors including the chairman. This do not comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (B.1.2) which requires that at least half the board, excluding the chairman, should comprise non-executive directors determined by the board to be independent. One of the important responsibilities of NEDRead MoreAccounting1222 Words   |  5 Pagesshare | Advantages | 1) Limited liability for shareholders and owners 2) Company can carry forward losses indefinitely to offset against future profits 3) Company structure is commercially well understood and accepted | 1) Easy and inexpensive to set up 2) Owner retains complete control 3) Easy to change legal structure | 1) Cost effective with partners specialising is different aspects 2) Relatively easy to establish 3) More capital is available | Disadvantages | 1) LimitedRead MoreMethods in Vouching1339 Words   |  6 PagesTYBcom-Year 2012-13 Assignment 2- Total 10 Marks Marks for each topic Topics I) AUDITING 5) 1 (a) Explain how would you vouch Scrap Sales 1 (b) How would you verify Book Debts /Debtors-1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,91 301,291,281,271,261,251 2 (a) Explain how would you vouch Sale on Approval/Sale on Consignment 2 (b) How would you verify Stocks-101,111,121,131,141,151,161,10,20,30 241,231,221,211,201,191,181,171 3 (a) Explain how would

Cultural Dimension Theory By Hofstede †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Dimension Theory By Hofstede. Answer: Culture is like a tree which have many branches but have one singular ideology to accumulate the people with their behaviors as well as practices. Culture directly relates with the social behavior as well as norms that can be found in a particular society. Culture can be considered as the primary concept of anthropology that covers all the phenomenas, transmitted through behavior, and practices (see figure 1). It can take expressive forms like music, dance, art, religion and literature both oral as well as written. Culture defines the usage of technology, clothing habit, architecture, philosophy and science of one particular society. From the business perspective. Culture is the social heritage of a community through which their pattern of responses can be discovered, invented through their tendency to solve problems (Almond Verba, 2015). These problems arise from the interactions among their group members and with the environment around them. These responses can be considered to be a way for perceiving, feeling, thinking and then acting. These are however passed on to the next generation through immersion. Culture of a society determines whether something is acceptable or unacceptable, correct or wrong, important or unimportant. Culture encompasses all which is learned, shared, explicit, assumptions, knowledge, norms, beliefs and values. The cultural studies concentrate on the political dynamics of the contemporary culture where the historical foundations along with conflicts, traits and contingencies. Different ideologies, national information, class structure, ethnicity, gender and generation are the various factors that determine the role of the culture in the real world. There are various theories that focus upon the cultural aspects, demonstrated by different countries (Lane Maznevski, 2014). The cultural theories such as Marxism, feminism, cultural race theory, colonialism, cultural dimension theory, post structuralism focus on the ethnography of the people around the world. These reveal the attitude, behaviors, preferences and responses of the group members among them as well as their interactions with the environment. All of these cultural theories emphasis upon the impact of the culture on the behaviors and responses of people associated with international organizations. Though these theories, one can defin e the causes of various cultural issues such as racism, inequality, discrimination in the global organizations. As the article, Manufacturing in China Can Give Your Business the Competitive Advantage by Michael Evans and Jack Toolan has discussed, the global manufacturers are recording a growing preference to the Chinese culture for increasing their business (Forbes.com, 2018). According to the colonialist theory the Republic of China was considered to be the market previously. Before 20 years, the when it opened its market with 1.3 billion consumers, the global manufacturers though it to be a great opportunity to explore and gain profit. However, Chinas outsourcing market recently have grown 30 percent each year. This is the reason why many of the countries have been relocating their headquarters in china. The innovativeness and production capacity of the employees of the country has enabled them to create a scope for higher volume of product. For this, the manufacturers do not need to invest high amount of cost. The organizational culture of the country needs a little research as well as sou rcing hence the companies can build partnership with the chines organizations in order to manufacture the latest product invention (Helmreich Merritt, 2017). However, the organizational culture does not allow any kind of shortcut to success as the country makes possible anything but not easily. According to the cultural dimension theory proposed by Hofstede, the people of China are very hardworking and do not prefer to indulge in leisure at the time of work. From the power distance index, it can be said that Chinese society prefer maintain hierarchy where the higher authorities enjoy power over their subordinates. The individuals are influenced by the formal authority hence do not aspire beyond their ranks. China has a highly collective culture where all the actions focus to the well-being of the group. Moreover, this culture is success oriented which ease the efforts of the manufacturers and do not need to motivate the employees for working. The Chinese culture is based upon the ideology of Confucius, therefore, they believe in the truth depending upon situation, time and context. For the manufacturing companies, getting cheap labor for production is a vital thing. Cheap labors reduce the cost of the companies a lot. Hence many automobile companies along with sport shoe and clothing companies are gathering to avail this benefit in China (Bakir et al., 2015). After manufacturing their end products, they export them to other countries. This is the reason, the manufacturers from all over the world are gathering to understand this culture, getting all their business disciplines closely involved in their manufacturing operations in China and mastering all the details for gaining a winning approach. Being an Australian, I personally feel that humor is pervasive in my culture, even in the business context. It is not only acceptable in every situation here, but it in fact is expected as well. I am generally open and direct in my style of communication with people around me, both personally and professionally. Though I sometimes, is less formal and is less politically right, but I always tend to place diplomacy after directness. This is why I can come across as a bit dull on some occasions. I cherish directness and therefore, failure to express or say what you mean or to mean what you say could be considered as hypocrisy and evasiveness by me. Like any other Australian, I am always direct in expressing my view-point and even expect others to do the same as well. Furthermore, one of the many things that make me different from the others is that I, an Australians, never like to pretend. I do not like to form an impression that I am better than the others, as I consider the sense of o verconfidence as bragging. It is also to be noted that Australians consider the gesture of thumbs up as rude and disrespectful and so do me. I consider making a circle with our forefingers or thumb to indicate agreement or approval, rather than using thumbs-up. I prefer shaking hands with a warm smile during arrival and departure in a business environment. However, a large part of our country is multicultural; hence, one can find a wide variety of people with different culture. We tend to be very curious and quick to pick up on differences. No, I dont find this as a con of our culture; in fact, it shows that we are truly interested to know others. Like, for example, when we find a person whose accent is different from our own, he will be surely asked about the same at the very first encounter. In the business context, we operate on the basis of the first names and avoid using our formal titles while speaking. Our working hours are usually from 9:00a.m to 5: 30p.m along with 1 hour of lunch break. Here, overtime is not something uncommon. Instead, our country falls under the top countries that are widely known for longer working hours. Within our Australian workplace, late submissions are deemed as lack of professionalism and create negative impression. Though we are widely known for our laid-back lifestyle, we are generally direct and firm business man who value time, punctuality along with strong professional ethics. Each of the characteristics of timemanagement is seriously taken in our Australian business world. The punctuality, deadlines, productivity and absenteeism of my team are closely and minutely monitored and measured by me. I do not suppose to think myself as superior to their staffs. As I already mentioned above that we do not like to form an impression of bei ng superior to others. It is just that we have different roles and responsibilities in our work place. In my country, we always try to minimize differences and we do not display hierarchy openly and so do I. I consider pragmatism as a very important attribute. Expertise, efficiency, skills and capabilities are considered to be of much more importance than the nuance of hierarchy or protocol. In business, though it is me who take the ultimate decision, but I embrace and encourage collaborative and inclusive approach in the workplace. I respect all my team members at the work place. I leverage the non-financial factors in order to boost engagement and motivation within my team. References: Almond, G. A., Verba, S. (2015).The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton University Press. Bakir, A., Blodgett, J. G., Vitell, S. J., Rose, G. M. (2015). A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstedes cross cultural dimensions. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 226-232). Springer, Cham. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2014/02/07/manufacturing-in-china-can-give-your-business-the-competitive-advantage/#76fb8ee62774 Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C. (2017).Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National, organizational and professional influences. Routledge. Lane, H., Maznevski, M. (2014).Internationalmanagement behavior (7th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Studios, B. (2018).About Cultural Mapping - Ottawa Valley Culture.Ottawavalleyculture.ca. Retrieved 25 March 2018, from https://www.ottawavalleyculture.ca/about-cultural-mapping/

The Search For Other Worlds Extrasolar Planets Essays - Astronomy

The Search For Other Worlds: Extrasolar Planets Earths Beyond Earth: The Search for Other Worlds In early 1990, the first extrasolar planet was detected, surprising everyone by its strangeness. More planets have now been discovered outside our solar system than in it. These planets present many great mysteries to the astronomical world. Extrasolar planets are planets that exist outside our solar system; they are orbiting a star other than our Sun. So far, eighteen have been found, all of them defying well-established theories about planets and how they operate (Winters, 46). As Stephen Maran said, ?The new discoveries remind us that ignorance is not just bliss, it is also a lack of imagination. The newfound planets show us not only that a solar system is not a rare commodity, but that ours may be plain vanilla.? (73) Finding extrasolar planets is both difficult and complicated. The average star, for instance, is one hundred million times brighter than any planet orbiting it (De Grasse Tyson, 87). ?Picking out a planet against the glare of a star is like trying to spot a 100-watt light bulb next to a 100-billion-watt searchlight,? says Michael Lemonick (54). Also, earth-size planets are too small to have any significant effect on their star, so they are almost impossible to detect (De Grasse Tyson, 88). There is, however , a way to find extrasolar planets without using direct sight: the Doppler Effect. When a star has a planet in its gravitational field, it makes the star appear as if it is ?wobbling? by stretching the light waves and slightly changing the star's color (Maran, 75). A second method of finding a planet is to search through a disk of debris surrounding a star, such as Vega. Chances are that a planet will exist there (De Grasse Tyson, 87). Out of the detected planets, only a few have actually been ?seen,? being found by accident by either the Hubble Space Telescope or the Infrared Space Observatory (Lemonick, 53). In short, planets can only be found in a limited number of ways, and under very specific conditions. In general, most extrasolar planets are alike in that they are all very odd compared to what humans are accustomed. For example, most of them orbit around sun-like stars no further than 100 light years from the Sun. Also, they are gas giants, almost all of them being larger than Jupiter, and have temperatures up to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit (Maran, 74). On the other hand, these planets all have very different orbital patterns; some of them have orbits that are extremely close to the star that they orbit, while others have odd elliptical orbits (Naeye, 45). Either way, almost all of these planets differ significantly from the planets in our solar system. Very little specific information is known about most extrasolar planets, but a few have been researched extensively and found to have interesting characteristics. For instance, 51 Pegasi (all planets being named after their host stars) was the first extrasolar planet found, being discovered by Swiss astronomers Mayar and Queloz. This planet is half the mass of Jupiter (seventy-five times more massive than Mercury), and has the least mass of any of the new planets (Maran, 74). Also, it is 5 million miles from its star, but still manages one orbit in only a little more than four days (Flamsteed, 80). 70 Virginis, another odd planet, is six times the mass of Jupiter, has extreme weather conditions, and orbits elliptically (Lemonick, 53). Likewise, 47 Ursae Majoris has fierce hurricanes, and is also larger than Jupiter. The planet with the most elliptical orbit known to man is 16 Cygni B; it travels from 56 million to 250 million miles of its sun. In contrast, 55 Cancri B is an example o f a tight-orbiting planet, circling the sun closer than mercury is to our sun (Maran, 74). In summary, what we know about these planets shows that they are very diverse and strange. Though strangeness may promote curiosity, a major goal in searching for extrasolar planets is to discover one that resembles ours or possibly harbors life. Though strangeness may bring curiosity, the main motive behind finding extrasolar planets is to discover one that resembles ours or possibly harbors life

High School Students Participating In Extra

High School Students Participating In Extra Introduction The number of high school students of between 15 and 18 years of age who are reportedly involved in various types of antisocial behavior has been on the increase over the past few years (Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High School Students Participating In Extra-Curricular Activities Have Fewer Discipline Problems? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disruptive behavior has a negative effect on high school students and this could result in rejection by teachers and other students. In addition, high school students who are involved in antisocial behavior are also more likely to fail or drop out of school, and abuse alcohol and drugs (Gilman, Meyers Perez, 2004) in comparison with other students who do not engage in antisocial behavior. Moreover, such students could interfere with the normal schooling process. In a bid to overcome this problem, scho ols try to encourage students to participate in various forms of extracurricular activities. This paper is an attempt to determine whether high school students who are actively involved in extracurricular activities have fewer disciplines issues in school compared with their counterparts who do participate in extracurricular activities. Effects of High School Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Activities on Discipline Problems in Schools Traditionally, schools have relied on extracurricular activities as a means of providing leadership and development opportunities to students. In addition, schools have banked on extracurricular activities as a way of building the school spirit (Share 2005). Numerous studies conducted in the past few years have tried to determine the impact of students’ participation in extracurricular activities on the academic performance and social behavior of such students. In his study, Campbell (2006) found out that students who participa te in extracurricular activities are more likely to have better attendance records, higher grade point averages, fewer discipline issues, and lower dropout rates in comparison with their counterparts who do not participate in extracurricular activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, researchers like Share (2005) report that by participating in cocurricular and extracurricular activities, students are less idle, meaning that they have no time to entertain truant behavior. In addition, these kinds of activities connect students with other students, their teachers, and the school as well. Other than building resilience in the youth by supporting their engagement in poor-social behaviors, extracurricular activities aid students’ growth on their subjective well-being (Mahoney, 2000). Michaelson and Nakamura note that students who participate i n extracurricular activities also tend to have a sense of belonging (Michaelson Nakamura, 2001). Similar sentiments have also been echoed by Gilman et al. (2004) who note that extracurricular activities enable students to have a positive outlook towards life, and this could result in constructive outcome for adolescents. Active participation in school extracurricular activities also enhances the emotional wellbeing of students. On the other hand, students who do not actively participate in school extracurricular activities are at risk of various negative outcomes including antisocial behavior (Mahoney, 2000). Mazza and Eggert (2001) further note that such students could end up engaging in a variety of self-destructive behaviors like illicit substance abuse, self-destructive behaviors like suicide attempts and engaging in antisocial behaviors. Separately, Cousins (2004) noted that by reducing the quality and number of extracurricular programs in a school, this could lead to the loss of useful avenues for directing students away from violent activities. In addition, this also reduces the capacity of a school to handle negative social and personal behaviors that would have otherwise been prevented if only students had participated in extracurricular activities. Cousins (2004) further observes that cutting such programs from the school budget denies students the chance to socialize and improve their mental, physical, and social developmental skills.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High School Students Participating In Extra-Curricular Activities Have Fewer Discipline Problems? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In another study conducted by Dick (2010) to assess the impact of students’ participation in extracurricular activities on student behavior, achievement, and attendance, the researcher found out that those students who took part in extracurricular activities tended to receive more disciplinary referrals in comparison with their counterparts who did not participate in extracurricular activities. According to Danish (2002), students who are actively involved in extracurricular activities rarely participate in crime and delinquency, not to mention that they act as a role model for the other students in high school and the community at large. The research findings of a study conducted by Braddock (2001) revealed that students who take part in extracurricular activities end up developing various valuable traits that are crucial not just for their success in school, but for their future endevours as well. Some of the beneficial character traits that Braddock (2001) observed include striving for excellence, working with others, making sacrifices for the common good, following directions, and self-discipline. In their study, Feldman and Matjasko (2005) endeavored to examine the role played by school-based extracurricular activities in enhancing development amon g adolescents. The authors discovered a strong link between students’ involvement with extracurricular activities and reduced delinquent behavior, as measured by substance abuse, antisocial behavior, and criminal arrests. Additionally, students who participated in extracurricular activities were also showing improvements in their academic performance. Pate et al (2000) carried out a study in which they endeavored to examine the relationship between health-related behaviors and sports participation among US high school students. The study design was cross-sectional in nature with a sample of 14,221 students as participants, all of whom were students from various high schools in the US. The study’s key outcome measure was to determine the prevalence of male and female students’ participation in sports, and how this was connected to such health behaviors as tobacco use, diet, illegal drug and alcohol sue, weight loss practices, sexual activity, and violence.Adverti sing Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the research findings of the study, male and female respondents who took part in various sports activities were more likely to have healthy eating habits. In addition, participants who took part in sporting activities were also less likely to embrace such unhealthy habits as smoking, and taking of drugs and alcohol. Also, participants who reported taking part in sporting activities were likely to be on a weight loss program, an indication that they wished to improve their self-esteem. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that high school students in the US who take part in sports activities are more likely to benefit from positive health behaviors than negative health behaviors (Pate et al., 2001). Tassitano et al (2010) also conducted a research study that was aimed at determining whether there was a link between participation in physical activity and the adoption of health-related behavior. The study’s respondents included 4,210 high school studen ts who were randomly selected from various high schools in northeastern Brazil. The key findings of this study was that students who attended psychical education classes reported increased consumption of vegetables and fruits and reduced consumption of soda. This is a sign that students who participated in extracurricular activities also tended to have healthier eating habits. In addition, students who participated in physical education were also less likely to watch television during weekdays, thereby leaving them with ample time to do their homework and study for examinations. In addition, such students were also less likely to watch violent programmes or movies on television that would influence their behaviors negatively. Based on these research findings, the researchers concluded that improved enrolment of students in psychical education classes plays a crucial role in enhancing healthy behaviors among high school students. Adolescents who participate in structured extracurricu lar activities are more likely to benefit from emotional, civic, and social development than their counterparts participating in unstructured extracurricular activities (Mahoney et al., 2005). Some of the examples of structured extracurricular activities include drama clubs, sporting teams, service activities, and church groups. On the other hand, examples of unstructured extracurricular activities include passive forms of leisure like listening to music and watching television. A study conducted by Mahoney and Statton (2000) revealed that those participants who reported talking part in unstructured leisure activities also demonstrated high levels of antisocial behavior in comparison with their counterparts who reported taking part in structured activities. Besides enhancing positive outcomes, students who participate in different forms of extracurricular activity also appear to be immune to numerous developmentally negative behaviors. For instance, students who participate in struc tured extracurricular activities are also less likely to skip school (Rose-Kransnor et al., 2006). According to Fredricks and Eccles (2005), students who are actively involved in performing arts and prosocial activities like volunteer work are less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol. The idea that high school students’ participation in extracurricular activities hinders the development of antisocial behavior has also been supported by a research study conducted by Mahoney (2000) in which the author sought to examine the moderating role played by participation in school extracurricular activities in the development of antisocial behavior among high school students. The research study conducted by Mahoney was longitudinal in design and included 695 girls and boys who were interviewed every year from childhood up to when they had completed high school. Based on the research findings of his study, Mahoney (2000) concluded that the participation of high school students in extracurr icular activities was strongly linked to a decline in the reported cases of criminal arrests. In addition, students who were actively engaged in extracurricular activities were less likely to drop out of school than their counterparts who were not actively involved in extracurricular activities. Conclusion Research findings from numerous studies conducted over the past few years seem to draw a link between the participation of high school students in extracurricular activities and reduced delinquent activities. Besides showing improved academic performance, high school students are also actively involved in extracurricular activities also tend to have a positive outlook towards life, improved emotional wellbeing, and reduced involvement in such self-destructive behaviors as illicit substance abuse. On the other hand, students who do not take art in extracurricular activities are at a higher risk of various negative outcomes, including antisocial behavior. There is need therefore for high school administrators to advocate for participation of students in extracurricular activities as this would be beneficial to not just the students, but also their peers, teachers, the school, and the community as well. Reference List Braddock, J. H. (2001). Sports make the grade. NEA Today, 19(5), 21. Campbell, C. W. (2006). The Fayette County Board of Education’s philosophy on  athletics. Retrieved from https://www.fcboe.org/ Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2002). Evaluation of the first 3 years of the Fast Track Prevention Trial with children at high risk for adolescent conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 19–35. Cousins, M. E. (2004). The relationship between student participation rates in Texas  public school extracurricular activity programs and related factors of academic  achievement, attendance, drop outs and discipline. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. Danish, S. J. (2002). Teaching life skills through s port. Pp. 49-60 in Paradoxes of Youth  and Sport, edited by M. Gatz, M.A. Messner, and S.J. Ball-Rokeach. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Dick, A. D. (2010). The relationship of participation in extracurricular activities to student  achievement, student attendance, and student behavior in a Nebraska school  district. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3398096/ Gilman, R., Meyers, J., Perez, L. (2004). Structured extracurricular activities among adolescents: findings and implications for school psychologists. Psychology in the  Schools, 41(1), 31-41. Feldman, A. F., Matjasko, J. L. (2005). The role of school-based extracurricular activities in adolescent development: A comprehensive review and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 75(2), 159-210. Fredricks, J., A., Eccles, J. S. (2005). Developmental benefits of extracurricular involvement: Do peer characteristics mediate the link between activities and youth outcomes? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 507-520. Mahoney, J. L. (2000). School extracurricular activity participation as a moderator in the development of antisocial patterns. Child Dev., 71(2),502-16. Mahoney, J. L., Statton, H. (2000). Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 113 127. Mahoney, J. L., Larson, R., Eccles, J. S., Lord, H. (2005). Organized activities as developmental contexts for children and adolescents. In J. L. Mahoney, R. Larson J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Organized Activities as Contexts of Development:  Extracurricular Activities, After-School and Community Programs. Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum. Mazza, J.J., Eggert, L.L. (2001). Activity involvement among suicidal and nonsuicidal high-risk and typical adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 265 281. Michaelson, M., Nakamura, J. (2001). Supportive frameworks for youth engagement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Pate, R. R., Trost, S. G ., Levin, S., Dowda, M. (2000). Sports participation and health related behaviors among US youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 154(9), 904-11. Rose-Krasnor, L., Busseri, M. A., Willoughby, T., Chalmers, H. (2006). Breadth and intensity of youth activity involvement as contexts for positive development. Journal  of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 385-499. Share, J. (2005). The cutting-edge challenge. School Arts: The Art Education Magazine  for Teachers, 104(5), 23–25. Tassitano, R. M., Barros, M. V. G., Tenorio, M. C. M., Bezerra, J., Florindo, A. A., Reis, R. S. (2010). Enrollment in Physical Education is associated with health related behavior among high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(3), 126 133.

Political and Economical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political and Economical Issues - Essay Example Japan holds an international conference to push for the resumption of commercial whaling. Anti-whaling nations in the International Whaling Commission such as the United States, United Kingdom and Australia have boycotted the conference. February 14, 2007 U.S. military spokesman Maj. Gen. William Caldwell announces that Muqtada Al Sadr fled Iraq several weeks ago and is in Iran. White House Press Secretary Tony Snow confirmed that the White House believes Iran is equipping Shia insurgents in Iraq.The U.S. House of Representatives debates the proposed non-binding resolution to oppose President Bush's surge plan. The foreign ministers of India, China and Russia have met in the Indian capital, Delhi, to discuss terrorism, drug trafficking and Afghanistan. An Indian foreign ministry statement said the meeting discussed key global issues, including the importance of the United Nations. February 15, 2007 Hamas- The led Palestinian government has resigned after 11 months in office to make way for a government of national unity. South Korea has agreed to resume high-level talks with North Korea that could restart major aid shipments, despite calls for caution over an international deal on the North's nuclear programs. Justice Minister Chris Ellison has warned anti-whaling protesters and the Japanese whaling fleet they could face questioning if they dock in Australia after clashing in the Southern Ocean. February 16, 2007 The G8 countries, plus Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa, approve the 'Washington Declaration,' proposing a global Carbon emissions trading system to replace the Kyoto Protocol by 2009. A Turkish court has handed down life sentences to seven Al Qaeda associates for their... Iraq's High Tribunal sentences former Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan to death for his role in the 1982 killing of 148 men and boys in Dujail following an unsuccessful assassination attempt against Saddam Hussein. Japan holds an international conference to push for the resumption of commercial whaling. Anti-whaling nations in the International Whaling Commission such as the United States, United Kingdom and Australia have boycotted the conference. The foreign ministers of India, China and Russia have met in the Indian capital, Delhi, to discuss terrorism, drug trafficking and Afghanistan. An Indian foreign ministry statement said the meeting discussed key global issues, including the importance of the United Nations. The US and Israel will not work with a new Palestinian unity government unless it recognizes Israel, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has said. Mr Olmert said a Palestinian government that failed to accept conditions laid down by the quartet of the US, EU, Russia and UN "cannot receive recognition and there will not be co-operation with it". The US and South Korea have reached a deal to hand full control of South Korea's military back to Seoul by 2012.

Corrections and Juvenile Justice Research Proposal - 1

Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Research Proposal Example Initially, a letter of interest will be sent to the potential participants, and after receiving the returned responses of interest, an informed consent form will be forwarded to the one hundred subjects. Furthermore, purposive sampling technique will be adopted Participant’s gender (i.e. male), availability to do the study, age (at least 18 years of age), current mental health status, and incarceration status will be included in the selection criteria since they are very important for the purpose of this research. Informed Consent Neuman (2000) argued that research can and should be conducted in an ethical manner. Every attempt would be made to conduct the research in an ethical manner. Since the participants would be at least eighteen years of age, consent would not be necessary from the Department of Children and Family Services. However, in order to address other ethical concerns, informed consent form will be obtained from the participants. All the participants will be inf ormed that their participation is completely voluntary. All interested participants will be made aware of the study's research goals, as well as its ethical mandates. In addition, participants will be allowed to withdraw their participation at any time and that no financial incentives would be offered as compensation for their participation. Participants could also refuse to participate in this study at any stage. The informed consent form will also address the issues of participant anonymity and confidentiality. Anonymity of the participants will be ensured by offering each participant the option to choose a pseudonym for himself. Confidentiality will be ensured by removing any names or identifying characteristics of the participants from all records. To circumvent the risk of psychological harm, participants will be treated with the utmost respect, consideration, and sympathy. Data Collection Clinical records from a private subsidiary of the Department of Children and Family Servi ces (DCFS) concerning the subjects would be utilized in order to assess historical and current behavior. Clinical records of participants would also be helpful in this study as they will provide useful information including: an account of psychiatric familial histories, and a validated Axis I Diagnosis as found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Furthermore, social history, familial involvement, peer relationships, psychological evaluations with intelligence quotient (IQ) score, history of housing placements, demographics, history of incarcerations including probation/incarceration reports, and purpose of wardship entry reports would also be available in the clinical records. In an effort to effectively provide an analysis of the hypotheses, research would be conducted by reviewing various articles or related literature, and methods/techniques currently utilized in identifying potential criminal behavior characteris tics in juvenile offenders. This study will also refer to the practices and techniques that the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Behavioral Science Unit uses in formulating criminal profiles for reliability purposes. The purpose of this study is to determine how a sample of incarcerated youth would score on a violence predictor assessment instrument, which is designed to predict

Human Development Essay Example for Free

Human Development Essay â€Å"Ten year old Greg, listens to his younger sibling’s plea for signing a ‘Parent Confirmation Report’ for school affirming that the parent was aware about the child in question not completing his home test paper. Father is out of town, and mother is sick in bed. Greg has to think quickly as to how to react to this plea keeping in mind the dilemma of doing a wrong deed of signing a parent report without the parent’s knowledge and protecting the young one from the teacher’s wrath the next day. He knows well, he cannot share it with the parents. Greg finally gives in to his brother’s plea just this once, but strictly warns him not to repeat this again. The next day Greg bakes a cake for his sick mother, as repentance for his wrong deed. † According to Piaget’s theory, Greg can be said to be evolving from the second stage of Moral Realism to the third stage of Moral Relativity. Greg is at an age appropriate stage as per this theory as he displays behavior from moral relativity stage by accepting to do a wrong deed for the sake of protecting his brother and not troubling the sick mother thereby displaying stage-appropriate behavior that rules are not fixed, and can be changed by mutual consent. However, Greg also displays behavior from the earlier stage of moral realism by warning his brother not to repeat the act as rules are made by an authority and should be observed. He vents out his feelings of guilt by doing a special deed for his mother by baking a cake for her. According to Kohlberg’s theory, Greg displays classic behavior from the Conventional level, stage 3, the Good Boy-Girl stage. He yearns to be the good brother and good son by doing what is required of him in the dilemma. However, he also displays some behavior of the stage 4, Law and order, that the act is wrong, and should not be repeated hereafter, thereby suggesting his transitional phase between the two stages. Greg is not displaying age appropriate behavior considering Kohlberg’s second level of reasoning develops in early adolescence. Greg seems to be at an advanced level as per this theory. References Berk, L. E. (1996). Moral development. Child Development (pp. 481-489). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.