The Dust Bowl Essay Example for Free

The sparge Bowl EssayFarmers began to plow and plant wheat crops. When World War 1 began the massive wheat crops helped feed many another(prenominal) Americans that in another part of the country try where in the beginning of a low that was caused by the war. The wheat crops also helped feed numerous nations overseas. A drought that began in the beginning of the 1930s persisted and was leading things in a very negative direction. No matter the circumstances farmers kept on tillage hoping the rain would soon come back. In 1931 the rain just stopped and the farmers still kept trying to farm. With knocked out(p) adequate crops people who were already hurting from the depression where starting to feel the impact of the drought. In 1934 the drought impacted 27 states and 75% of the country. Most of the impact from the dust bowl was in the southwestern plains. The Dust bowl was the result of the worst drought in the history of the United States. In 1935 the wind blew for 27 nights and days and people began to die of suffocation and pneumonia caused from the dust.The fall upon that it had on the development of the United States is that right before the drought at that place was an economic over expansion due to the high demand of the wheat and the broad soil for crop growth. The poorly managed the land because of over planting and harvesting and when the drought hit the affect was significant economically and the government had to put out large amounts of money to try and recover the economy. 2. fair weather Belt The economic and political impact of the nations shift in population from the south to the west is called the Sun Belt.The economic growth since World War 2 increased migration from the north east in the United States. The rapid growth in population changed quickly and moved people to the Sun Belt states. It increased tourist industries and brought wealth to the Sun Belt states. This impacted the geographical and environment of the component of the United States greatly. B. One significant environmental or geographical factor that contributed to the development or diffusion on one human society from Egypts geographic characteristics that affect the development of human society were the Nile River.The Nile River made the ability of a large population in a desert region. Also, the Nile would flood transport rich soil to the lower regions of the rivers course. The crops in this area did well and the flooding helped set a steady schedule for planting and harvesting and because of this the societies remained stable and had trim time to develop art and science in their culture. The people of Egypt also had access to some of the largest quantities of stone such as granite. This began the development and building of pyramids kinda of mud buildings.The Nile River played a huge role in the development of Egypt. 1. Cultural diffusion between Mesopotamia and Egypt. The social and politically elite from Egypt sought foreign goods an d items of symbolic prestigiousness from India (Mesopotamia). For example Mesopotamian cylinder seals and Afghan Lapis Lazuli which were found in early Egyptian tombs. Not only was there trades of items but there was trades of ideas. Egyptians imitated the Lapis Lazuli in their Egyptian Faience (ceramic of glass). Due to the Lapis Lazuli being very rare and expensive the Egyptian felt they could benefit from doing this.The Faience represents the first known tackle to reproduce a material to start their own industry. The idea of pyramids could also be traced back to Mesopotamia with the wall around the complex of the third dynasty King Djoser in Saqqara. Mesopotamia also could be credited for influencing Egypt in writing. They say they did not copy but took the idea and started writing from scratch in their own language. When I weigh about cultural diffusion I think about the tradition of the delivery boymas tree. It originated in Germany.The decorated the tree with red flowers an d white candles to represent the blood of Christ and the body of Christ. When America picked up the tradition through cultural diffusion they change some of the things about how the tradition was done. The Columbia Electric Encyclopedia (2007) Sun Belt. www. factmonster. com/ce6/us/A0847215. html. Retrieved June 16 , 2011. United States History, The Dust Bowl. www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1583. html. Retrieved June 16, 2011. Aleff, Peter (1982) Mesopotamias influence on Egypt. www. recoveredscience. com. Retrieved June 22, 2011.

Human Behavior in an Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior in an Organization EssayIn an agreement there are lots of factors to be considered for the company to reach its goals and objective and succeed. These factors include communication, motivation, leadership skills, personal characteristics of employees, interaction amidst and among employees and team performance. Communication is significant in transferring information because the information to be transferred must be precise and accurate to avoid miscommunication. Failure to communicate right(a) information might cause a negative long-term effect on the company.Furthermore, miscommunication may result to personal conflicts between members of an organization. Persons or employees in the organization must feel motivated to achieve the goals and objectives that should be met. This motivation may come from personal factors, such as for family and self-competence, or external factors, such as salaries or benefits are tied to mathematical process of doing a job. Hig hly motivated members are the nonpareils who mostly do their job efficiently. Management must motivate employees for them to do their jobs efficiently and effectively so as to lessen any probable negative impacts to the organization.There is always a person or a group of persons that will initiate any activities d peerless by an organization and we usually call these people as leaders. A leader must be sensitive to feelings of others and not to the extent that it would evil any undertakings made by the group. We see different kinds of leaders, there are those who are autocratic or who dont listen to what others has to say but there are also those that listens, hears and considers the point of view of others.Conflicts may arise in an organization primarily because of the personal characteristics of each employee that are not satisfactory to others. This should not be done because everyone is different in his or her own way. Conflicts between employees would result to negative eff ects that would cause to fail to meet the objectives. These problems between members must be resolve to build a better relationship between them and to be able to prevent this problems to arise again in the future. In any activity that an organization should do, teamwork must always be present.This is very important to achieve the organizations goals and objectives efficiently. In a team, each one must do their part to help achieve the goal and not help prejudice the activity. In a team, together everyone achieves more, which means that if members would just work together, all of the objectives, even the least important objective will be met. There are weaknesses and strengths inside a group and this must be interpreted into considerations, to eliminate these weaknesses and improve those strengths.Team building activities may be done by the organization to improve the relationship between and among members so as to abide a team that works together for a common goal. Hence, goal con gruence arises, which is very important factor that must exist inside the organization. Thus, proper communication, motivation, leadership skills, relationships between members and teamwork must exist within an organization. In this way, any goals and objectives of the organization will be met. As long as each one of the members do their parts well, nothing could go wrong and the organization will be successful in any activities they will undertake.

Gross Domestic Product Essay Example for Free

Gross Domestic Product Essay2. Using information from our textbook and from the following BEA link, define each of the sub components of GDP and discuss their importance. (20 points)The BEA links atomic number 18http//www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipa_primer.pdf cadence the Economy A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts http//www.bea.gov/about/pdf/jep_spring2008.pdfTaking the Pulse of the Economy Measuring GDPhttp//www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/national/nipa/methpap/mpi1_0907.pdfAn Introduction to the National Income and Product Accounts1. GDP is Gross municipal product. GDP is the market value of all the goods and services produced by labor and property located in the country. The GDP is comprised of Sub-Components to the Major Components. The components of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tell you what that country is good at producing.2. Personal use measures the real value of goods and services purchased by individuals. It is very all-important(prenominal) because over 70% of what the U.S. produces is for personal consumption.3. Goods Comprehensive is the measure of how much consumers spend each month. This uncludes long goods, consumer products, and services. This is an important factor because it is an included measure of GDP, and the figure acts an indicator for economic trends. How much consumers spend also has an affect on inflationary pressures. Goods or products retrace up nearly one-fourth of the US economy.4. Durable Goods are the hard goods that yield utility over time, rather than being completely consumed all at once. Some examples of durables goods are automobiles, jewelry, and furniture. Although this is the smallest category (only 7%), it still has an impact on GDP.5. Nondurable Goods are soft goods or consumables, which are goods that need replaced immediately or are used all at one time. Examples of nondurable goods are food and clothing. These goods also make up a small portion (16%), however, still important to GDP.6. Services are explained as the non-material equivalent of a good. Service provision has been defined as an economic military action that does not result in ownership. No transfer of possession takes place when services are sold. Examples of such are financial services or healthcare. Nearly half (47%) of US GDP is do up services, not products. This makes this portion very important.7. Gross surreptitious domestic investment (I) are the expenditures on capital goods that are used for productive activities in the domestic economy that are undertaken by the business sector during a given period of time. Gross private domestic investment make up anywhere between 12-18% of gross domestic product. Investment is an important cause of business fluctuations.8. Fixed investments are the investment expenditures that include capital goods, such as means of production, that most people consider spending on fixed capital. This area is important because it is one of two main categories of gross private d omestic investment included in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.9. Nonresidentials are the purchases of nonresidential structures, equipment, and software. Nonresidentials are important for future productivity growth, optimism of businesses, and economic growth.10. Structures are important in general. These are office buildings, shopping centers, warehouses, restaurants, industrial buildings and institutional buildings.11. Equipment and software are hardware and machinery. These are important for increase and improving productivity.12. Residentials are homes, apartments, or condominiums and residential equipment that is have by landlords and rented to tenants. These areas account for about a quarter of all private investment.13. Change in private inventories are the changes in inventory investment which measure the value of the change in the physical volume of inventories over a specified period. This includes the value of good s owned by private business at the end of a specified period, whether the goods were made in that period or in the past. Inventory investment makes up a very small percentage of GDP, however, it is still an important component of GDP.14. Net exports of goods and services (X-IM) are described as the growth in imports and exports of goods in the U.S. These goods are only finished goods, not including intermediate products. Imports and exports have great effects on GDP.15. Exports (X) are an addition to GDP and therefore, are important. They are a way of economic transfer.16. Goods are the physical products sent or transported abroad for future trade or sale.17. Services include non-material goods. This is usually economic activity sold outside the US.18. Imports (IM) are economic transfers that are opposite, yet greater than exports.19. Goods include physical products that are purchased and sent in from foreign countries.20. Services are non physical products that are sent in from for eign countries. 21. Government consumptions expenditures and gross investment (G) is usually subtracted from the actual GDP numbers and the growth rate. This is so that it is accomplishable to reach an easier understanding of activity and demand. Because the governments actions can be dependent on other factors than supply and demand, it is important to reach this figure.22. Federal is the measure of the federal governments expenditures.

How to Promote Tourism

How to Promote TourismIn the 1960s, profits was implementd to applying computers for sharing information on research and development in scientific and military fields. In 1962 a global network of computers was proposed by Licklider of MIT. The developing progress of using mesh continued till 1991 when Tim Berners Lee proposed the concept of hypertext mark-up language .With the advent of the web browser, the internet has grown to become a information supplier and in the recent historic period a m unrivaledy qualification(prenominal)ization tool. The origin of the commercial physical exercise of internet mostly contained of vendors providing basic networking products, and basic internet go. Nowadays Internet is exercised as an global information infrastructure for supporting opposite commercial services (Baggio, 2007 Wu, 2010).In the last decades the performance of organizations and their competing way have influenced by internet (Porter, 1993). On the former(a) hand internet has created a new stinting environment for doing product line, providing rapid communication of information, accessible globally and negligible cost (Rayman-Bacchus Molina, 2001). Internet provides a great deal of information transportly accessible at low costs on prices, products and gain opportunities. The efficiency of internet has been increased by the multiplication of infomediaries offering easier access to the information, the creation of shopbots comparing prices or selecting sites jibe different choice criteria(Smith Brynjolfsson, 2001).Tourism and internetTourism is particularly adapted to gameylight the nature of the upheavals implied by the development of internet in service activities and it was one of the primal industries applying internet and electronic craft (Buhalis, 1998 Oconnor Frew, 2008). Internet has enabled touristry assiduity to broadcast tourism and travel related information to customers all around the ground , in a direct, cost minimizing , an d time effective way(Buhalis, 1998 Inkpen Board, 1998 Poon, 1993 Sheldon, 1997).The era of mass communication has transformed the tourist gaze( Rayman-Bacchus and Molina 2001 p.592).The develpoment of the internet empowered the new tourist who is decorous k directledgeable and is seeking exceptional value for money and time. Internet is not plainly a source of information but also an important vector of transactions. Online sales is growing considerably in tourism industry (Jeong Ohand Mary, 2003 neter, Murphy, Schegg, Murphy, 2005).The number of online sales is increasing dramatically with a large number of masteryful online schedule platforms in the different atomic number 18as of tourism such as transportation, accommodation, package deals or regional offers(Gratzer, Werthner, Winiwarter, 2004) and most tourism organizations such as hotels, airlines, and travel agencies have use internet technologies as part of their trade and communication strategies (Buhalis Law, 2 008).The result of an European study about the use of internet in tourism showed that the use of internet for marketing purpose is more common in touism industry comparing with other industries. Finding showed that among tourism related industries, air travels and hotels apply internet marketing more than others. More than one in three tourist enterprise in Europe( or twice as many as in other sectors combined) sell their products online and this sh ar is increasingly rapidly (European Commission 2003). Internet marketing is suitable for tourism services because of their intangibility as well as high price, risk, and involvement levels. By online searches, travelers laughingstock access to more in-depth materials and deeper content comp ard with conventional promotional agents(Govers FM, 2003). Internet is the most popular channel to research information, find the opera hat price and reservation for travelers (Laudon Traver, 2001).Countries use internet to promote tourism to gai n advantages such as (Buhalis Law, 2008) Enhancement in the competitiveness and performance of tourism industry businesses ,creating opportunity for selling tourism product to potential difference tourists , displaying information at electronic speed, Distribution costs are decreased and an increasing proportion of internet users are buying online and tourism allow for gain a larger and larger share of online customer market.(Lu Lu, 2004), Direct communication is created between tourism suppliers and tourists for buy services and also requesting information. As a result travel suppliers can understand each customers needs, and therefore target each customer individually and put on tailor-made products(Buhalis Law 2008). It is needless(prenominal) to say that it is substantive that in suppose to obtain competitive advantage, a tourism enterprise/ term moldiness use IT well before its competitors otherwise it would not be able to achieve any competitive advantage. For simula tion American Hospital Supply made an forward-looking use of online order entry terminals before its competitors and captured lions share of market (Eraqi, 2006). Several tourism organizations/ terminal figures have exploited IT in their pursuit of competitive advantage. It is, however, not undeniable that a tourism organization/ terminal achieving competitive edge will always sustain it because their competitors can copy IT easily and quickly and new IT capabilities are also available to every competitor in the market(OBrien, 1992). However, tourist business sector managers need to align IT strategies to their business strategies and take the dimensions of e-quality into consideration such as performance, features, reliability, durability, serviceability, conformance, perceived quality and aesthetics (Madu Madu, 2002) when making decision related to the use of IT for effective tourism strategic marketing(Eraqi, 2009) Tourism organization/destination management must understand th at IT is only a tool and competitive advantage can only be achieved via creative and innovative use of that tool (Morrison et. al. 2000 Fuchs 2004).In appendix to these advantages , it is suggested that public agencies involved in tourism development also are increasingly using the internet. These agencies use internet to promote the attractions of their respective nations, enhancing the economic benefits by hypertext links to commercial service providers, varying degrees of interactivity and 3) accessibility in multiple languages( Rayman-Bacchus and Molina 2001).Chalwon Kim (2004) did a research to recognize problems and solutions related electronic commerce in the tourism industry in Korea. Inform. The findings showed that benefits of e-commerce from the view point of cutomers are providing easy access to information on tourism services, providing better information on tourism services and providing convenience for customers. This research suggested that security of the e-comme rce system and user-friendly web interface are the two pigment factors for successful tourism e-commerce practiceRepresentation of tourism view in the internetIn the tourism industry creation and promotion of destination externalises is the specific aspect of place representation. A destination range of a function is the picture which those promoting a country- political sympathies travel bureaus, airlines, hotels, service industries, and travel companies- press to portray to outsiders, particularly foreign tourists(Jenkins, 1999). The destination image reflects how the promoter views the country and what aspects of its people, landscape, and culture they wish to recognize. In tourism industry promoters ary to present positive of the countrys history and attractions, to attract tittle-tattleors. Guide books, brochures, maps and websites are the products using by promoters to entice visitors(Price, 2008).Because of the popularity of using internet as the primary information sou rce, among tourists ,travel information mediums, such as travel websites are important destination image indicators. The number of tourists that use internet to find destination information is increasing dramatically . In the other hand internet has become the major information source for traveler (Doolin, Burgess, Cooper, 2002 Gursoy McCleary, 2004 Price, 2008 Wiig). A website looks to be a major tool to conduct business in the tourism field( and, probably, it will be the only one in the future) tool to conduct business in the tourism field (Doolin, et al., 2002). Jackson and Purcell (1997 p. 220) note that the internet allows users (i.e. tourism companies) to present information to their target audience without an intermediary to censor or structure the information in either content or form. In their analysis of the websites of states once part of Yugoslavia, they found that the states used symbolic imagery and text to strengthen the users perceptions of place (Purcell,1997 p.2 35).So tourism providers need to understand how to maximize the smooth-tonguedness of their websites. In the other hand the principal role of destination website is affecting travel- related decision making, converting potential tourists to real visitors .Because of high challenger among travel and hospitality , market leaders and followers should differentiate their websites by developing creative measures to attract and satisfy customers (Pastore, 2001). Pastore (2001) noteworthy that leading travel companies have been absorbing online customers, gaining purchase decisions and building a satisfying experience , so creating customer loyalty and repeat purchase intention. It is essential for tourism companies to use new technological development and fullest potential of internet by continuously re inventioning their websites ,creating ease of use and more personalization(Baloglu Pekcan, 2006 Connolly, Olsen, Moore, 1998). Because of high rate of competition among tourism indust ry, importance of website design as a marketing medium is turn increasingly important . Web should not be only considered as an communication channel for decreasing physical fundamental interaction but also as an advertising medium(Rowley, 2004). Effective web design leads to attract, entice, and retain the online traveler(D. Kim, Morrison, Taylor, Lee, 2004). There are more or less factors which, contributes to the proliferation of travel on the internet including making websites easy to use, upward(a) the tourism website information, improving the functionality of travel sites like advance check in, printing of flight of stairs status check and using the software that has designed to anticipate users wants ground on their travel history and preferences (Transportation Group International, L.C.,2002).Doolin, Burgess, and Cooper (2002, p. 557) state thatthe internet, which offers global sift and multimedia capability, is an increasingly important means of promoting and distri buting tourist information. Destination websites have developed to market and promote local, regional, or national destinations(Blain, Levy, Ritchie, 2005 Palmer McCole, 2000).After introducing introductory travel websites in the mid-1990s (Blain, et al., 2005), gaining these benefits were expected including increasing market share, absorbing new customers, retaining more customers and increasing customer satisfaction (Sussmann Baker, 1996).Destination websites have been and continue to be challenged online particularly with discover to their level of sophistication, quality of websites, diversity of travel websites, as well as online marketing and promotion (Hudson Lang, 2002). The result of a study done by Choi, Wong and Fesenmaier (2006) revealed that design of destination websites, promotional strategies and customer relationship management programs have effects on success of web-marketing strategies. Tourism websites use online marketing in different capacities. For illu stration ,Hudson and Lang(2002) stated however ease of use factor that enables visitors navigate quickly through websites ,has reflexiond only in few tourism website designs. Another typeface is that both(prenominal) destination websites are still use elementary level of website features, without style and elegance , displaying information in a brochure-like mode, and low level of interaction ( Wang Fesenmaier, 2006). For instance destination websites should have deep information mostly regarding to attractions, shopping, restaurants, accommodation, and directions. It is worth considering that some tourism websites have advanced and effective features compare with their competitors. Interactivity , personalization, e-commerce related capabilities , and passport capabilities are some ways to increase the level of sophistication of travel websites (Wang Fesenmaier,2006). Furthermore, the content of tourism destination websites is particularly important because it directly influen ces the perceived image of the destination and creates a virtual experience for the consumer (Cooper 2002, p. 157). When visitors are new to the website and destination, experience and judgments made from surfing the website influence the overall image of the destination and the decision making plow of whether or not to travel to the destination. If the destination image portrayed on the website is not satisfactory or the website is not well-designed and contains in adapted information, travellers are less likely to form a good tender towards a destination which, in turn, negatively influences the decision making process. There is a relationship between a positive experience and judgment formed through interaction with the destinaqtion website and actual visiting (Bar, Neta, Linz, 2006 Borkenau Liebler, 1992 Kenny, Horner, Kashy, Chu, 1992 Zebrowitz Collins, 1997). For example Wu (2010) analyzed 61 local tourism government websites in China and taxd the effectiveness of the l ocal tourism e-government with content analysis from the following aspects website usage, administrative agencies, administration affairs, information service, administration service online and website design. The research suggested some improvements for the tourism government including providing electronic map, connect telephone and multi media for download, building bbs or forum for advice, improving declare online for tourism practitioners and setting up feedback mechanism, making the website more attractive to enhance the usage efficiency.Website designIt is important to indentify which factors lead to the success of a website. Web design is a severalise factor for the website success (Flavian, Gurrea, Ors, 2009) and it is necessary for companies to compete in the extremely competitive World Wide Web (Liang Lai, 2002 Ranganathan Ganapathy, 2002 Tan Wei, 2007). The website designing has been studied from different points of view(Childers, Carr, Peck, Carson, 2001 Hoque Loh se, 1999 S. Kim Stoel, 2004 Liang Lai, 2002).Web designing is the process of creating an artefact with structure of form which is planned, artistic, purposeful, and useful(cato 2001 ,p.3). A successful website is the attractive, trustworthy, dependable, and reliable for customers (Liu Arnett, 2000). From a consumer point of view , all these characteristics should be considered in website designing in order to increase online visits or purchase intensions (cato 2001). Following this concept Flavian (2009) did a research to identify website aspects that influence users perceptions and behaviours from a marketing point of view .An extensive publications review was developed emphasising the special role that web design could play in the interaction user-interface. Besides, the methodology related to benchmarking allows firms to know the best practices and to learn some key lessons for developing their business online. The research proposed a guidelines for the development of success ful e-commerce websites. Appearance ,Navigation, Content and Shopping process are the key aspects that shoud be considered in order to improve e-commerce websites. In the guidelines some tools have introduced for each aspect . Guidelines are basis for development of websites but some website designers without considering visitors needs , only notice to challenges of technology, designing sophisticated websites (Zhang 2005). Industry experts and consultants have proposed different frameworks and guidelines for designing commercial websites , but there is no unified view on its key characteristics .The key characteristics of commercial websites can be divided to design and content. Information, features and offering services by website consist content, while the way of presenting content to customers refers to website design(Huizingh, 2000). Buying process can be divided to two stages information evaluation and information search. Purchase decision process is affected by the content o f website. The website information should be sufficient for decision making, but not too much , resulting in information gazump (Taylor Joudrey, 2004). Users should be allowed locate and select merchandise that best satisfies their needs. Not only information content but also sailing tools influences the usefulness of websites. Navigation toolslike search engines help users to locate merchandise and related information in a website (Krug, 2005).For example users of Cdnow.com can search based on the song title, album title and artist name.Before final purchase decision , consumers tend to evaluate of alternatives. Online shopping creates the opportunity to comparison of alternatives. Decision support have positive influence on online purchase decisions .Some websites like Excite and My Simon offer decision encourages , helping users for making product-price comparisons. For instance in Dells web site (www.dell.com) , consumer custom build a computer and compare prices for differ ent computer configurations. Another example is Priceline website which offers calender as a decision aid. Decision aids can be useful in tourism destination websites. For instance destination website n can offer tools for spark off-price comparisons based on different accommodations etc. Another significant different between traditional retailing and online selling is related to the limit of interaction between customer and seller. Commercial websites should serve electronic interactivity by means of email and frequently asked questions (FAQs),answering questions about products and services or payment. However consumers visit websites with FAQ more than websites without it, FAQ section and interactive email are not seen in many websites. Traditional FAQ sections helped users a little ,offering no assistance and information), flexible interactioninterface, etc(Yang, 2009). contempt of internet technical developments Such as electronic signatures ,Security of the transactions is on e of the common concern in online shopping . Since perceived security have direct effect on online buying intention , some commercial websites offer telephonic transactions or checks and individual accounts (Grabner-Kraeuter, 2002). As it mentioned above website design affects on attracting , sustaining and retaining the interest of a customer at a site. The design have the same importance that content have. Ease of navigation, page download time and improving the visual appeal of websites by using multimedia are the principals should take into consideration for website designing. Out of these factors , ease of the navigation is the most important one(Srikant Yang, 2001).Today websites are becoming more complex and users have difficulties to find craved information, spending too much time ,surfing webs(Kilfoil, et al.). To reduce the amount of irrelevant information and information overload , the common used tool is site map. The website information structure is defined by map, hel ping users to adjust the scope of their search. Some websites offer personalized sitemap which helps visitors navigation (Toolan Kusmerick, 2002). The other tool that websites can add to help users finding information is search toolbar. Despite the popularity of search toolbars, irrelevant and not sufficient information whitethorn be resulted(Han Kamber, 2006). The third solution to prevent overload and unwanted information is intelligent navigation aid tools, dividing to recommendation systems and adaptive website techniques . Some recommendation systems are collaborative filtering, content-based recommenders, utility-based recommenders, knowledge based recommenders, and demo representic recommenders (Guttman, Moukas, Maes, 1998 Rich, 1979 Towle Quinn, 2000). Other one is adaptive website.The excogitate adaptive refers to the ability of the website or tool to change its behavior based on the way it is used(Schafer, Konstan, Riedi, 1999).Two ways for building adaptive websites are improving the website design as a whole or providing personalized navigation aid for individual visitors (Spiliopoulou Pohle, 2001).In the past information quality or usability have been considered as the most influential aspect of tourism websites for perusing visitors but now new strategies are needed to use website as a persuasive tool (H. Kim Fesenmaier, 2008). Figure 2.4 shows the progress of technology design(Fogg, et al., 2002). Foggs (2002) noted that it is important to understand how persuasive design of destination websites can be used to support conversion rates (converting site viewers to site users and moderate users to heavy users)and to create tender images of destinations. The website that successfully persuade travel information searchers elicit a click-though (the desired outcome), which gives the website a second opportunity to interact with the searcher . When they graduation exercise view the websites homepage, searchers mechanically evaluate the websit e in terms of relevance and usefulness to their trip planning task.Make applied science coaxingMake Technology UsableMake Technology FunctionalFigure 2.4 Progress of Technology DesignPersuasion is the principal role of destination websites and it is important to understand how to use website design to create easy images of destination and convert more site viewers to customers .Design of the website can increase persuasiveness in order to influence Internet users beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes in the manner desired by Internet marketers (Fogg, et al., 2001). Zhang and von Dran (2002)(P. Zhang von Dran, 2002) extended Herzbergs dual structure model to an online context to investigate hygiene andmotivating factors in Web design. In accordance with Herzberg, Zhang and von Dran(2002) argued that websites should necessarily embarrass hygiene factors to avoid user dissatisfaction, while motivating factors can be employed on an added-value basis to optimize user satisfaction and enjoyment. And collection), while additive features like credibility, fun/entertainment, visual attractiveness, multimedia, etc are persuasive factors since they enhance the experience affectively. Websites should always incorporate hygiene factors like like informativeness and usability, while additional elements (trustworthiness, inspiration, involvement, and reciprocity) of destination websites should be considered persuasive variables(Y. Zhang Hiltz, 2003).By contrast, good examples of a motivating factor are, multimedia features (virtual tour, podcast, etc.) that enhance website visitors satisfaction with their experience and motivate their return to the site. The absence of these features would not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction with the website, as long as hygiene factors are provided (Zhang 2000).Kim (2008) studied the persuasive design of destination websites, proposing a conceptual model of first impression formation toward tourism destination websites .The influenc e of informativeness, usability, inspiration, involvement ,trustworthiness and reciprocity on tourists first impression were analyzed in this study. In the other word the purpose of the study was to investigate what persuasive design characteristics influence the formation of first impression toward destination websites. Result showed that informativeness is the most effective factor sensed Persuasiveness. Destination websites must be informative and useful. In most cases, trip planners, however, tend to infer anticipated quality of information through website design. Thus, design of destination websites must be supportive for the contents. Certainly, informativeness must be conveyed, but a website that does not create a favourable impression at the beginning is typically not given a further chance to demonstrate its value. informativeness, inspiration and involvement have direct effects on a first impression, and impression is directly related to an intention to use the website fo r trip planning. These results suggest that the Limited Completion Group of trip planners is more influenced by the visual attractiveness of Web design and their choice of website is accordingly based on the extent of a destination websites purely aesthetic appeal. In contrast, the Full Completion Group of trip planners is more likely to be influenced by the utility of destination websites. In other words, the more functional benefits the websites seem to provide, the more favorable their impression will be. This study identified six underlying dimensions of persuasiveness in destination websites, but it did not investigate the website elements that correspond to respective dimension of persuasiveness.Baggio, R. (2007). The web graph of a tourism system. Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 379(2), 727-734.Baloglu, S., Pekcan, Y. (2006). The website design and internet site marketing practices of upscale and luxury hotels in Turkey. Tourism Management, 27(1), 171-1 76.Bar, M., Neta, M., Linz, H. (2006). Very first impressions. Emotion, 6(2), 269-278.Blain, C., Levy, S., Ritchie, J. (2005). Destination branding Insights and practices from destination management organizations. diary of Travel Research, 43(4), 328.Borkenau, P., Liebler, A. (1992). Trait inferences Sources of validity at zero acquaintance. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 62(4), 645-657.Buhalis, D. (1998). Strategic use of information technologies in the tourism industry. 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Crime Scene Investigations by First Responders

Crime Scene Investigations by First RespondersCrime motion-picture shows contain the rhetorical indorse required to apprehend criminals. The proper collection and bear on of visible rise is of primary importance to most constabulary investigations. Evidence disregard not only establish the fact of the offense and identify the perpetrator, it whitethorn even lead to a conviction. In collecting this read we mustiness(prenominal) be conscious of the publics Fourth Amendment rights and not violate them in this collection of enter. Unfortunately, sickly conducted execration stroke investigations can sometimes either destroy manifest or render it useless.Law Enforcement should approach the iniquity scene investigation as if it will be their only opportunity to preserve and recover these physical clues. They should consider other case information or statements from witnesses or suspects c befully in their objective appraisement of the scene. Investigations whitethorn chan ge course a number of times during such an inquiry and physical clues, initially thought irrelevant, may engender crucial to a successful resolution of the case.The primary responsibilities of the initial responder to a crime include the following (1) to preserve life and (2) to control suspects and witnesses. one time these two objectives have been achieved, the initial responder should focus their attention on protect the crime scene. The initial response to an incident shall be expeditious and methodical. Upon arrival, the officer(s) shall assess the scene and treat the incident as a crime scene. The initial responder should note or log dispatch information such as names, address, time, type of call, and any other relevant information. Be aware of any persons or vehicles leaving the crime scene. The importance of preserving the scene and its adjacent areas in their reliable condition cannot be overemphasized. Approach the scene cautiously, scan the entire area to thoroughly as sess the scene, and note any possible secondary crime scenes. Be aware of any persons and vehicles in the vicinity that may be related to the crime. Re chief(prenominal) alert and attentive Assume the crime is ongoing until determined to be otherwise. overly treat the location as a crime scene until assessed and determined to be otherwise.It is usually the uniformed peace officer who first arrives at the scene of a crime. After controlling any dangerous situations or persons, the initial responding officers next responsibility is to ensure that medical attention is provided to injured persons eon minimizing contamination of the scene. The initial responding officer shall ensure that medical attention is provided with minimal contamination of the scene by guiding medical personnel to the victim to besmirch contamination or alteration of the crime scene. Point out potential physical establish to medical personnel, instruct them to minimize contact with such evidence (e.g., ensure that medical personnel preserve all clothing and personal effects without cutting through bullet holes, knife tears), and document movement of persons or items by medical personnel. Instruct medical personnel not to clean up the scene and to avoid removal or alteration of items originating from the scene.Protecting the evidence typically involves the establishing a perimeter. In fact, for some crime scenes, two perimeters may be appropriate (Garrison, 1994, pp. 18-20). Only the investigator in charge and those personnel that he gives permission to should be allowed to cross these boundaries (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26).Detectives and supervisors are normally in charge of investigations. in that respect should, however, only be one person in charge of the crime scene itself. The first question that the investigator will ask when he arrives is as follows Has anyone been allowed to enter the scene? (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26)? The investigator should then use whatever resources are a vailable (e.g., barricades or other uniformed officers) to further protect the area. Such measures exclude both curious bystanders and curious officials. Investigators often must turn remote any number of officialsboth in and out of uniformwho could unintentionally destroy evidence. erstwhile the area has been secured, the investigator then carries out the duties of chase commander. Initially, the commander must confine the following information The time of the arrival of the first officer at the scene, who was present, what was said, and whether or not everything is exactly as it was when the officer arrived (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). Then, the addresses of all persons found on or adjacent to the scene should be collected. Although these people are questioned about their exact location at the time of the crime, they do not usually endure interrogation on the spot. Rather, such persons are simply removed from the scene and separated They should not be allowed to talk to each o ther until each has been conservatively questioned and statements have been obtained individuals considered as suspect(s) should be read their Miranda Rights. Any violation of Fourth Amendment rights could jeopardize any evidence obtained during an interrogation or interview for use in the case at a trial.The next phase of crime scene investigation consists of surveying the scene. Defining and controlling boundaries provide a means for protecting and securing the crime scene(s). The number of crime scenes and their boundaries are determined by their location(s) and the type of crime. Boundaries shall be established beyond the initial scope of the crime scene(s) with the understanding that the boundaries can be reduced in size if necessary but cannot be as easily expanded. The investigator needs to get an over-all picture of the area in which the offense occurred (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). After a preliminary survey has been performed, the crime scene examination should be initia ted. The investigator must try to start the investigation insentient (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). There should be no preconceived notions of what happened, how it happened, or who might have done it. Such conclusions must be based solely on the evidence found at the scene.It is during this initial stage of the investigation, that the search commander has the scene photographed and sketched. Photography provides investigators with an perfect and permanent record. Nothing at a crime scene should ever be touched, picked up, or moved until it has been photographed. Only a true photograph can be presented in court (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). If it can be shown that something in the picture was tampered with, or that there are objects present that were not there originally, then the photograph cannot be used as evidence. Photographers should be present end-to-end the investigation. In addition to photographs, the search commander also has a sketch made of the area. Sketching should be started as soon as possible. These freehand drawings are typically oriented by compass directions. Moreover, the location of all sketched objects should be determined by accurate measurements. While photographs reproduce everything within the range and field of the photographic camera lens, sketches include only certain essential items. There are three types of crime scene photographs and sketches. These include the following (1) those that severalise the locality (2) those that reproduce the conterminous grounds and (3) those that cover the details of the scene. Locality reproduction produces a picture of the crime scene and its surroundings. These pictures should include such things as neighboring buildings, streets, and sidewalks. Second, reproductions of the grounds should describe the crime scenes immediate surroundings (e.g., the house, the garden, etc.). Finally, a details picture shows only the scene itself (e.g., the room in which the offense was committed).During pho tography and sketching, the search commander must formulate a plan of action. This involves designating the confused crime scene areas and objects that need to be searched and inspected. The commander must also decide how many investigators to assign to the case. Once the search has begun, it is up to the searchers to decide what objects will be dusted for latent prints and what objects will be removed as evidence. Searches need to be both thorough and accurate Nothing should be taken for granted. Furthermore, searchers should not attempt to rely on their memories. Instead, everything of possible significance must be recorded (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26).With the development of more sophisticated laboratory technologies, the role of physical evidence in the apprehension and prosecution of criminals has expanded considerably. It is generally assumed that by gathering more evidence, the investigator increases the likeliness of identifying the suspects (Greenwood et al., 1977, pp. 16 5-166). Evidence is defined as anything that may be presented in determining the truth about a fact in question (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). Physical evidence has three general purposes (1) it can verify that a crime has been committed (2) it can identify the person or persons who committed the crime and (3) it can set free all other persons who may be under suspicion. Physical evidence proving that a crime has been committed may include such things as impoverished door locks or bodily injury to the complainant. Evidence indicating that the suspect was at the scene of the crime can consist of fibers or injury to the suspect (Greenwood et al., 1977, pp. 143-149). These forms of evidence support probable cause in having a warrant issued for further investigations that lead away from the actual crime scene. There are two main types of evidence found at crime scenes (1) fixed evidence and (2) movable evidence. Fixed evidence includes such things as latent fingerprints, shoe prints, t ire prints, legal instrument marks, and objects which cannot be removed because of bulk, weight, or other factors. In contrast, movable evidence consists of items which can be easily removed and stored. Finally, it should also be noted that some anything can constitute a clue in a criminal investigation. Therefore, everything must be recorded and nothing should be overlooked.Once evidence is discovered, the search commander should have its location reproduced by sketch and/or photograph. The commander then marks the evidence for purposes of identification. The searcher who discovered the evidence should stand by as a witness to this marking and handling procedure. The term, chain of custody, refers to the possession of evidence (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26). Investigators must be able to establish the continuous possession of evidence from the moment that it is discovered until the time that it is presented in court. By having the search commander handle all evidence, this chain of custody is reduced.In recent years, many police de dissimilariatements have augmented their evidence gathering capabilities by hiring additional personnel. Evidence technicians, or Crime Scene Search Officers, are highly trained crime scene processing specialists (Greenwood et al., 1977, pp. 143-149). These personnel can be dispatched just like patrol officers. Evidence technicians are generally used whenever there is retrievable physical evidence, or whenever the patrol officer feels that a photograph of the crime scene could be of benefit (Greenwood et al., 1977, pp. 143-149).A coroner may also be present at a crime scene. Coroners serve as a middle man between the medical examiner and law enforcement (Voelker, 1995, p. 1164). A coroner with forensic training may also act as a liaison between law enforcement, the media, and the public.The presence of many diverse personnel at a crime scene can give rise to conflict. However, everyone present has a specific job to do moreover, ea ch individual task is an important part of the entire mission. Search commanders should direct all activities such that conflict is minimized. As Dienstein (1962) emphasizes, Teamwork is essential to crime scene search (Dienstein, 1962, pp. 16-26).Besides hiring personnel, many departments are also in the process of updating their criminalist equipment. For example, Anchorage Alaskas police department recently converted a customized motor home into a modern crime scene vehicle. By making crime scene investigation faster and more thorough, such tools can improve a teams overall efficiency.There are various problems that may be encountered during crime scene investigations. Two of these include staging and contamination. Staging involves the alteration of a crime scene prior to the arrival of police. There are different reasons for staging. For one, an offender might try to direct investigators attention elsewhere. Such persons may act overly cooperative or appear extremely distraugh t. Second, staging can also represent an attempt to protect either the victim or the victims family. Such cases usually involve people who are refer about the position, dress, or condition of a victims body (Douglas Munn, 1992, pp. 1-10).Perhaps the biggest problem that crime scene technicians face, however, is crime scene contamination. Sensitive forensic techniques may be adversely affected by crime scene trampling. Police departments should have a written policy regarding crime scene protection and preservation. In addition, supervisors and investigators must set an example for the entire crime scene team by adhering to the guidelines.Crime scene investigation is a complex process. It involves a number of different professionals and various areas of expertise. Only by acting as a team, however, will the members of such a diverse group ensure that their efforts result in a reasonable outcome. The alteration of a crime scene can cause investigators to draw erroneous conclusions. By expeditiously carrying out his responsibilities, the initial responder may determine the ultimate outcome of an entire investigation.

Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and James Baldwins Sonnys Blues Essa

There are many factors that lead to the development of an individuals identity. Franz Kafkas The transfiguration illustrates an extreme change in Gregor Samsas external identity and the overall outward effect it has on the development of his family. While James Baldwins fellas Blues illustrates a young man struggling to find his identity while being pushed around by what society and his family wants him to be. Both of these characters evince an underlying struggle of alienation but both also demonstrate a craving for belongingness. This conflict of trying to belong to something as well as satisfying the needs of society, has directly impacted their own individuality and the lives of the people around them. Gregor Samsa, a hard working salesman providing for his family in need, has sacrifice his own liberty for the sake of the survival of his family. As a provider, his family is expecting him to work, be successful, and bring home the wealth. Although Gregor doesnt enjoy his tedio us job in the slightest, he still agrees to do it. This is more influenced by his fathers debt rather than his own morals. If it werent for my parents, I would have quit long ago, I would have g one to the political boss and told him off (Kafka 2). This shows that he is a frustrated individual. Gregor is someone who would likely hold in his own personal feelings to preserve the family name. A night of nightmares later, Gregor awakes to see his many little legs flailing about. He isnt initially shocked by this horrid transformation and however terrible it looks to him, his primary focus is how is he going to labor to work? In spite of everything, he is still in the mindset of working no matter what the cost. After all, he doesnt want to mislay the tr... ...development of your identity. Gregor, the family man, tried as hard as he can to be there for his family. His family is everything he has got and this is his identity. While Sonny, the trouble kid turned musician, abandoned hi s familys suggestions and went his own way by keeping true to himself and being dedicative to a specific goal. Both of these characters are polar opposites in a sense that one follows his family and the other does not. But, both characters were forced into difficult situations and both have experienced some sort of sacrifice.Works CitedMendoza, Ramon G. The Human Vermin Kafkas Metaphor for Extreme Alienation. N.p. capital of Oregon Press, n.d. Literary Reference Database. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.Murray, Donald C. James Baldwins Sonnys Blues Complicated and Simple. N.p. Newberry College, n.d. Literary Reference Database. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.

The Rise Of A Nation: United States Becomes The Number One Super Power

The coupled States experienced many different world events that helped propel it to seemly the worlds super power. From the Monroe Doctrine which would help the United States isolate itself from the Colonialism of the European acress and set itself as the super power of the Americas, to the Spanish American War which ended Spanish rule in the Americas as well as helped the United States acquire its own territories, to the first and arcsecond World Wars which ultimately bankrupted all of Europe, to the rise and fall of Communism and the ending of the Cold War. So why were these events so important to the rise of the United States? As the Spanish began losing its territories to independence in Central and South America, the United States adopted the Monroe Doctrine to help isolate these American countries from outside European nations so it could buzz off the dominant nation in the Americas. The Monroe doctrine helped the United States set up puppet nations in Central and Sout h America who were loyal to United States business and political interest. From the Monroe Doctrine many Central American and Southern American countries gained their independence from Spanish rule the doctrine stated that any European nation that tried to force its rule upon the rebelling central and southern American nations would also have to face United States intervention. The United States was able to keep these impudently nations from really prospering while exploiting their natural resources for American business. Take for example the Panama Canal put in place by the American regime and funded by American business. It helped fuel the American economy as well as showed the United States military might, and made it clear that the Monroe Doctrin... ...super power in the world. end-to-end the United States history it had to struggle to be taken seriously as a country, however, in its short time as a developing nation it was able to become the most powerful and well-to-d o nation in the Americas and later through European and Asian events become the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world. The Spanish American War, WWI and WWII and the fall of communism are the most significant events that helped the United States become the super power it is today. Because of the United States fixture on the globe it was able to stay out of the heavy bombing European and Asian countries had experienced. Without these war torn cities the United States prospered by helping reconstruct European nations, which propelled the United States into economic prosperity. These events marked the United States into super power status.